Is The Vaccine Safe - 1300 Words

There is a pandemic that affects up to 90% of people all around the world in their lifetime. (Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, 2010) This is not diabetes, heart disease or Alzheimer’s but actually is a virus called HPV or Human papillomavirus. There is a way for people to protect themselves from this virus with the HPV vaccine. Many people have questions about this vaccine, like who should get it? Why should people so young be getting something that is known to be transmitted sexually? Is the vaccine safe? Is it effective? Or how does it work to protect against the virus? Other questions that may be asked are of the virus itself, what types of cancers does it cause? How does it work? or who is the most susceptible to this virus?†¦show more content†¦Harold Zur Hausen was eventually awarded a Nobel peace prize. He and his team were also the ones to recognize that type 16 is found in over 50% of all cervical cancer patients. It was also found that over 95% o f all cervical cancer is caused by some form of the virus. (Smith, 2014) The vaccine was originally researched to prevent Papillomavirus in cows but was eventually brought into the human realm of medicine. Professor Ian Frazer and Dr. Jian Zhou were the 1st people to create a vaccine that would protect against HPV called Gardasil. In 2006, the first vaccine to combat this problem was approved by the FDA called Gardasil which protects against strains 6,11,16, and 18. (Gardasil Questions and Answers, 2006) The vaccine works by causing an immune response in the body which creates antibodies against the virus. This immune response occurs because the vaccine is made of proteins from the virus that have been denatured it such a way that they will not cause the infection while still creating an immune response. Any vaccine that is made in this fashion is called a recumbent vaccine because it uses the DNA from the virus itself to create an immune response (Klein, 2014). According to the CDC,Show MoreRelatedVaccines Are Safe And Safe Today1231 Words   |  5 Pagesprevent disease and viruses though vaccines or immunizations. The Idea of Vaccine have bee a major challenged to public health over the last century. But like any type of medication, there are going to be both pros and cons. Recently there has been cause f or concern for vaccination children. The concern steams from the belief if vaccines are safe today. There are also a great number of wonderful aspects to vaccines. The Question today is whether vaccines are safe and if they way they are researchedRead MoreVaccines Are Safe And Effective1361 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Vaccines are attributed to saving millions of lives in the United States, yet many parents refuse to protect their child from potentially dangerous diseases. With the accessibility of technology, it is easy to see how the anti-vaccine movement can persuade parents, but many find out the hard way the lack of evidence to support this trend. By understanding the sole purpose and statistical evidence supporting the effectiveness of vaccines, one can conclude our world is a much better placeRead MoreVaccines Are Not Only Safe881 Words   |  4 Pagesthousands of people have shown convincingly that neither vaccines nor any of the ingredients in them are linked to a utism. Vaccines are not only safe, but they are perhaps the greatest public health success in the history of civilization† (Forbes 2015). It is due to the many people who believe they are smarter than science and medical research that we are having the measles and whooping cough scares that are occurring today. Without the use of vaccines many of the diseases that were under control, or completelyRead MoreVaccines Are Not Safe And Donate Children Vaccinated927 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurs. Vaccines can prevent most childhood diseases such as measles, diphtheria, polio, and small pox. There has been much discussion in the news recently over whether or not to vaccinate children. One argument is that vaccines are not safe and contribute to autism. The vast majority of people continue to believe childhood vaccines are safe and choose to have their children vaccinated. If deadly diseases are going to continue to be prevented, it is necessary to have children vaccinated. Vaccines areRead MoreVaccines Are Safe And One Of The Greatest Public Health Developments1789 Words   |  8 PagesHowever, all 50 states issue medical exemptions, 48 issue religious exemptions, and 19 issue philosophical exemptions (â€Å"School Vaccination Requirements,† 2011). Proponents of vaccinations argue that vaccines are safe and one of the greatest public health developments of the 20th century. They state vaccines are saving millions of lives and are preventing illnesses like rubella, diphtheria, smallpox, polio and whooping cough. On the other hand, opponents of vaccinations argue that children’s immune systemsRead MoreThe Safety And Effectiveness Of Vaccines1743 Words   |  7 Pageseffectiveness of vaccines you will see the same claims or statements meant to show why vaccines are absolutely necessary. However, when you take time to look at the claims with logic and common sense, you find they are largely flawed logically. The focal point of this series of article is not to point out all the tobacco science needed to make specific claims about a particular vaccine being safe or effective, or to discuss flaws in the methodology of vaccinations. Most of my articles about vaccines addressRead MoreVaccinations And Its Effects On Children1226 Words   |  5 Pagesillness that could be life threatening or even just uncomfortable. No matter the severity of the sickness there is an importance in the prevention of these diseases. Another intriguing argument for the continued use and importance of vaccines is that â€Å"most childhood vaccines are 90%-99% effective in preventing disease† (AAP). With a 90%-99% success rate it shows that it is so important to receive a vaccination because of the dangers of the diseases. In fact the 90%-99% effectiveness has â€Å"save[ed] 2.5Read MoreVaccinations Should Be Mandated For Everyone1053 Words   |  5 Pagespreventing these diseases. The main point for vaccin es is to prepare a person’s immune system for any possible attack of a disease that comes in the future; a person’s body will be prepared to fight off the disease with the vaccine (â€Å"Basics†). Vaccines have the ability to prevent many cases of these diseases in advanced, but there are people who think vaccines are unnatural and should not be required for their children. It is said that immunity in child vaccines are about 90%-100%, which is an increaseRead MoreVaccination Safety And Necessity Has Been Debated For Years1551 Words   |  7 Pagesdebated for years. Vaccine supporters claim they are completely safe and necessary for everyone. People against vaccines question their safety and feel it should be a personal choice. While some vaccines are for personal safety, others are for the safety of society and should be given to the majority of people to avoid previously eradicated diseases from coming back and killing off thousands, even millions of people. Vaccinations are an asset to our healthcare and help to keep us safe from many deadlyRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccination1241 Words   |  5 Pageshelp save lives by building immunity to deadly diseases, but people are willing to risk lives just because their political beliefs or religious beliefs or skepticism keeps them from vaccinating their children. To make sure everyone in the community is safe from certain diseases, the government needs to make most vaccinations mandatory for every child. There are already a few state mandates regarding vaccinations needed, such as DTaP, Hepatitis B, MMR, IPV, and Varicella; but these are only needed to

The Effect of Cannibalism in Colonial Brazil Essay

This research paper will delve into the topic of cannibalism in native tribes of Brazil during the Portuguese colonization of the South American country. My research only the topic yielded very interesting results. Some scholars suggest that cannibalism (in the instances involving the Tupinamba tribe and their ritualistic practices) didnt even occur. This isnt to say, however, that cannibalism was completely nonexistent in Brazil, but arguing that it did not occur in the â€Å"savage† ways often described. I could easily sum up the accounts of various witnesses of cannibalism, but I will focus on the material that will mostly discuss the effect that cannibalism had on colonization in Brazil. One could claim that cannibalism was one†¦show more content†¦Quickly their accounts are whisked into the void of history as they are regarded as holding reservations against the natives due the the differences in religion. The time that Staden spent with the Tupinamba people is accepted, at least in relation to the other two primary sources, perhaps because of his lack of allegiance to a religion (again, in relation to the other two men). Despite considering Hans Staden as a reliable source, compared to others, he still must be questioned. Some scholars claim that the depictions of cannibalism are actually a periscope into European ideas rather than an accurate telling of native practices. Aside from the concept of exaggerated claims of cannibalism from the Europeans (not simply Portuguese due to Stadens German background), some argue that even the Tupinamba people fabricated their ritualistic practices of cannibalism as they recognized European fear of it. That is not to say that cannibalism did not happen at all, but its extremely difficult to decide what truly happened due to lack of sources, or the history of exaggerated claimsShow MoreRelatedThematic Analysis Of The Novel Mrs. Dalloway And The Cannibalist Manifesto `` By Oswald De Andrade1471 W ords   |  6 Pagesstream of thoughts, detailing a day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, who is a high-society woman in a post-World War I England (Woolf). â€Å"The Cannibalist Manisfesto† is to be thought of an essay that was written by Oswald de Andrade, describing how Brazil must devour other countries and cultures in order to stand as one and not be dominated by others. The theme of absurd is seen in the play â€Å"Waiting for Godot.† The Absurd in this play appears as man s response to the world apparently without importanceRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Figure 2.4 Figure 2.5 Figure 2.6 Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2 Figure 3.3 Figure 3.4 Figure 3.5 Figure 3.6 Figure 3.7 Figure 3.8 Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2 Figure 4.3 Figure 5.1 Figure 5.2 Figure 5.3 Figure 5.4 Relating cause and effect How theory provides explanation The double hermeneutic The derivation of ‘epistemology’ What is this? The derivation of ontology Positivist philosophical assumptions – the truth is out there and we can objectively know it The role of the subjective

New York MTA Free Essays

Traditional market structure suggests that all market decisions should be based on utilitarian theory. We often witness market decisions which neglect other important aspects of the market activity. As a result, we appear under the impact of one-side unbalanced decisions which ultimately neglect the principles of morality and moral theology of the marketplace. We will write a custom essay sample on New York MTA or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rising fares and tolls by MTA  Ã¢â‚¬Å"After an unusually vigorous and spirited debate, the board of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority voted to raise fares on subways, buses and commuter railroads and tolls on bridges and tunnels† (Chan, 2007a). Why is it so surprising that not all members of the MTA board wanted to turn into the proponents of fares and tolls’ increase? Does this mean that more and more political and business players realize the importance of morality in taking market decisions? Evidently, the situation is much worse than one may imagine. One may initially think that increasing the fares will lead to less traffic congestion, and will urge more people to use public transport; yet, the public transport fares are being raised, too. From the viewpoint of those who vote for raising fares and tolls in New York, this decision is the first step towards â€Å"fiscal responsibility. The authority had for long applied windfalls and real estate taxes hoping that someone would bail us out and turning a blind eye to our responsibility to put this MTA on a firm future monetary structure† (Chan, 2007a). Simultaneously, from the viewpoint of morality and theology of the marketplace, commercial activity is not limited by rational market decisions, but also â€Å"confronts us with the moral predicaments† (Gregg, 2004). The major concern within this situation is that the decision to raise fares has completely neglected the position of those whom we traditionally consider to be vulnerable populations. The representative of Working Families Party is confident that raising fares will seriously hit working people (Benjamin, 2007). â€Å"Today, once again middle class New Yorkers and those struggling to make it, are bearing the cost†, Rep. Anthony Weiner said (Benjamin, 2007). â€Å"A fare hike now is the wrong choice for New York. It would hit many people who are struggling hard to make ends meet and hurt the region’s economy. [†¦] This fare hike will hit 86 percent of the riding public who use fare discounts. These include pay-per-ride bonus MetroCards and 7- and 30-day unlimited-ride passes. It’s also a double whammy for most L.I.R.R. and Metro-North commuters whose railroad fares would go up!† (Chan, 2007b) The discussed fare hike will also cause the bonuses’ decrease for riders (from 20 to 15 percent), and the discounted fare will cost $1.74 instead of $1.67 (Chan, 2007b). The problem is that New Yorkers pay more than they have to for the transport they use. â€Å"In 2005, riders paid 55 percent of the costs of running the subways and buses† (Chan, 2007b). Objectively, this is much higher that the riders in other cities pay: those in Boston do not compensate more than 29 percent of the discussed costs, and those in Philadelphia pay no more than 37 percent (Chan, 2007b). As the M.T.A reports $140 million reductions, does this mean that they will make the riders pay this amount through higher fares and tolls? Doubtlessly, the suggested fares and tolls increase will help compensate the under-financing of the MTA by the state Government, but if the decision framework remains unchanged, this compensation will actually take place for the account of the already mentioned vulnerable populations. â€Å"To rely upon utilitarianism as the moral – philosophical foundation of the case for the market creates tremendous difficulties for Catholics† (Gregg, 2004). The utilitarian desire to find the greatest good and to satisfy the masses does not meet the ethical and moral criteria of religion. Those who were taking the decision to raise the fares and tolls in New York have neglected one essential aspect in their decision making: when one looks for the means to produce the greatest pleasure for the greatest number of people, one has to perform numerous calculations and to produce the decision which satisfies everyone. From the viewpoint of moral theology, such calculations in market decision-making are simply impossible. â€Å"No person can make such an assessment without admitting a tremendous degree of ignorance about all the possible effects that might proceed from a freely chosen act† (Gregg, 2004). The MTA governors have evidently gone beyond their reasonable abilities, trying to persuade us that that the future with raised fares and tolls for everyone was better than other possible alternatives. The MTA board members view the increased tolls and fares as the means to close the gaps in MTA’s budget and to provide safe and reliable system of transportation for the New York’s citizens. However, it is not the ultimate goal for those who use public transport and belong to vulnerable layers of the city population. Conclusion The moral theology of marketplace rejects any uniform measures in defining the goals of decision making. This is why the governors should have considered the financial opportunities of those who cannot afford paying more for using public transport. The diversified structure of prices would resolve all moral and ethical issues, and would not create serious obstacles on the way towards better functioning of the city’s transportation systems. References Benjamin, E. (2007). MTA fare hike reactions (updated). Daily News. Retrieved February 17, 2008 from http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2007/12/mta-fare-hike-reactions.html Chan, S. (2007a). Board approves subway and bus fare increase. The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2008 from http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/12/19/mta-board-approves-fare-and-toll-increases/index.html?hp Chan, S. (2007b). Hundreds stranded online by botched M.T.A. â€Å"Webinar†. The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2008 from http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/12/10/mixed-reaction-to-new-mta-fare-plan/?hp Gregg, S. (2004). Ethics and the market economy: Insights from Catholic moral theology. IEA Economic Affairs, June, pp. 4-10. How to cite New York MTA, Essay examples

APUSH Summer Assignment free essay sample

Many farmers were considered peasants in the 800s. SIG: Peasants would revolt and cause movements that go against the economic reasoning. The movements were usually to gain recognition for their work and other reasons. Yeomen ID: A servant who gives assistance to royal households or other great households SIG: A yeomen farmer was the ideal American which is being independent and hardworking. They were the best type of citizen to have a say in politics. Dower ID:The portion of property a widow receives from her deceased husbands belongings. SIG: In the 18th and 19th centuries dower rights were not given much attention. In 1945, dower was abolished but some states still allowed bits of property to be given to a widow. Primogeniture ID: Being the firstborn and eldest of the children of the same parents. Also receiving the largest portion of the fathers property after the death of the father. SIG: This ensured that powerful families kept their power in their family line. Pagans ID: a follower of a polytheistic religion or an irreligious person. SIG: This is significant because many American pagan religions contain different traditions that are similar to to others. Also traditions have been passed down for thousands of years. Heresy ID: When one has a belief that is mutually opposed to a church or religious system. SIG: This separated church and states. A result from this was the unappreciative countries towards the American Churchs optimism. Civic Humanism ID: The idea that one should participate actively in serving its leader or state in the 15th century. SIG: The language of civic humanism was a tool to the leaders who Republics ID: a body of people viewed as a commonwealth or a state where the head of government is not a monarch. SIG: The government of the United States is based partly on Romes model of a republic and the U. S has been authorized by the United States Corporation created in 1871. The forming of a republic from Romes model is a significant part of US history. Guilds ID: An association of people who have some power and are reaching a common goal. SIG: These were important for trading and small societies that could have grew to be important in history. Reconquista ID:The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain from the 1100s to 1492. SIG: It is important to study because the Christian people fought until they expelled their enemies. The Reconquista became an ethnic need. Conquistadors ID: A Spanish conqueror of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century. SIG: They were mercenaries who were responsible for the near extinction of native people in present day US, Mexico, and Central America. Encomiendas ID: A system created in 1503 which guaranteed Spanish soldiers land with Indians. SIG: This led to forced labor which led to enslavement which was used in the US for years. Columbian Exchange ID: This was an exchange between the new and old world of culture, plants, animals, and diseases. This changed the way Europeans and Native Americans lived. SIG: This affected both sides of the world culturally and socially. Mestizos ID: a person of mixed ancestry from Latin America SIG:Mestizos were born to give power to the Spaniards and maintain their power. This affected races by not being biological instead history. Caste System ID: a Hindu system of social classes based on castes SIG: it was important because it divided labor in societies Indulgences ID: a pardon from punishments that would have happened due to sins SIG: Indulgences emerged in the 1 lth century when the idea of purgatory spread. Reformers complained about the selling of indulgences. Predestination ID:the idea that God has determined who will be saved and who will not SIG: People hought the idea came so the conquistadors can be forgiven for what they did to the natives. Mercantilism ID: A system that worked to unify a nation by strict regulations of national economy. SIG: European countries had knowledge with building empires and engaging in the system of mercantilism. The colonies in the United States grew and the English knew they could increase trade and benefit from it. Price Revolution ID: The 16th century era of sustained inflation SIG: This led to the price of food to rise and fall. The prices were changing often due and gold from the New World that was brought to Europe. Part Two: Chapter 1 Questions . The four main characteristics of the Indian civilizations in Mesoamerica where art, religion, society and economy. These characteristics were equal to those of Europe and the Mediterranean. Mesoamericans portrayed art through dance, pottery, and music. All of the Mesoamerican religions were polytheistic and the gods had to be given offerings. Mesoamericans did not have unity, so they were divided in a social hierarchy. The economy relied on agriculture because of the scarce amount of large animals. . The eastern woodland Indian societies were organized and governed by self-governing tribes composed of clans. In their culture, the elders would encourage local chief, who aided clan elders conducted ceremonies and regulated personal life. Gender played a role when it came to farming because it was the province of both sexes, but among eastern Woodland Indians it was the work of women. These societies were matrilineal, which is the inheritance one receives from the female line of ancestors. Farmers focused on religious ceremonies related to the agricultural cycle